Figure 7
Schematic drawing of the VLS growth of tapered ZnO whiskers from a partially molten bottom source of Zn in sequential stages:a
and/or 
specific coalescence twinning (gray vs white domains) of the W-ZnO condensate seeds;b anisotropic growth of individual W-ZnO whisker with well-developed 
and 
surfaces and twin boundaries;c impingement and assembling to form tapered bundles with intimate intergrowth of 
- and 
-twinned domains in a mosaic pattern;d outward Zn and inward oxygen diffusion via 
surfaces and twin boundaries in accompaniment with adsorption of vapor atoms at the whisker tip and ledges under the influence of capillarity effect