Figure 9

Schematic drawing of the development of Au onion and MWT. The lamellae in partial epitaxy with a single-atom cluster and/or cage wouldroll up and coarsen to form an onion (left); whereas the lamellae in partial epitaxy with a number of atom clusters and/or cages would develop into uncapped MWT via anisotropic growth and/or a coalescence process. The uncapped MWT tended to change into onion (dotted arrow) for dangling bonds reduction upon electron irradiation. The onion shell with 5- and 6-coordinated atoms within the layer and van der waals’ attraction between the layers are magnified as the case in Fig. 8f