Table 1 Theat and intrinsic properties of the carbon group elements for synthesizing ZnO nano/microstructures
Reducing agent | Theat(°C) | IE = (IE1 + IE2; kJ mol−1) | Vapor pressure (torr)a | Melting point (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Graphite | 1,000 | 3,439 | 3,652 | |
Si | 850 | 2,364 | 4.0 × 10−11 | 1,410 |
Ge | 700 | 2,299 | 2.0 × 10−11 | 937 |
Sn | 800 | 2,219 | 7.1 × 10−7 | 231 |
Pb | 800 | 2,165 | 5.0 × 10−2 | 328 |