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Table 1 Theat and intrinsic properties of the carbon group elements for synthesizing ZnO nano/microstructures

From: Thermal Evaporation Synthesis and Properties of ZnO Nano/Microstructures Using Carbon Group Elements as the Reducing Agents

Reducing agent

Theat(°C)

IE = (IE1 + IE2; kJ mol−1)

Vapor pressure (torr)a

Melting point (°C)

Graphite

1,000

3,439

 

3,652

Si

850

2,364

4.0 × 10−11

1,410

Ge

700

2,299

2.0 × 10−11

937

Sn

800

2,219

7.1 × 10−7

231

Pb

800

2,165

5.0 × 10−2

328

  1. a Reference [20]

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