Table 1 Summary of experiments performed
Case | Nanoparticles | Conditions | Objective |
---|---|---|---|
1 | TiO2 (P25) | Particle concentration: 50 μg/ml; Three ionic strengths (0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 M) and varying pH (3–11) by adding HCl, NaCl, and NaOH. | Determine the effect of solution IS and pH on dispersion characteristics |
2 | TiO2 (P25) | Particle concentration: 50 μg/ml; NaCl and MgCl2 with the same IS and with the same molar concentrations. | Examine the effect of electrolyte type (monovalent vs. divalent) on dispersion characteristics |
3 | TiO2 (P25) | Particle concentration: 15, 25, 50, 150, and 500 μg/ml; DI H2O; Solutions with pH of 4 and IS of 0.001–0.1 M by adding HCl and NaCl. | Test the effect of nanoparticle surface area (mass concentration) on the dispersion properties |
4 | Anatase TiO2 (6–104 nm) | Particle concentration: 50 μg/ml; DI H2O; Solutions with IS of 0.001 M and varying pH (3–11) by adding HCl, NaCl, and NaOH. | Study the effect of primary particle size on dispersion properties |
5 | TiO2 (varying crystal phases) | Particle concentration: 50 μg/ml; Solutions with IS of 0.001 M and varying pH (3–11) by adding HCl, NaCl, and NaOH. | Investigate the effect of crystal phase on dispersion isoelectric point (IEP) |