Figure 3From: Nanofluid bioconvection in water-based suspensions containing nanoparticles and oxytactic microorganisms: oscillatory instabilityThe case of a rigid lower wall and a stress-free upper wall, Rb = 0 (no microorganisms): (a) Oscillatory and non-oscillatory instability boundaries in the (Rac, Rn) plane. (b) Critical wavenumber in the (Rac, Rn) plane. (c) Square of the oscillation frequency, ω2, versus the nanoparticle concentration Rayleigh number (for oscillatory instability to occur, ω2 must be positive so that ω remains real).Back to article page