Table 1 Solar thermal nanofluid comparison table
From: Nanofluid optical property characterization: towards efficient direct absorption solar collectors
Type | Graphite | Al | Copper | Silver | Gold |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Particle, vol.% | 0.0004 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
Commercially available | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Surfactant, vol.% | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
1M NaOH, vol.% (achieve pH 9 to 10) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Sonication time, min | 45 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
Collector depth, cm | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Approximate cost, $/L | 0.52 | 0.64 | 1.85 | 3.65 | 233 |