Table 1 Summary of experimental studies on convective heat transfer properties of nanofluids
From: Experimental and theoretical studies of nanofluid thermal conductivity enhancement: a review
Reference | Nanofluids | Flow nature | Findings |
---|---|---|---|
Pak and Cho [91] | dp = 13 nm spherical Al2O3-water dp = 27 nm spherical TiO2-water | Tube/turbulent | Nu is 30% larger than conventional base fluid and larger than Dittus-Boelter prediction |
Li and Xuan [92] | dp < 100 nm spherical Cu-water | Tube/turbulent | Nu is larger than Dittus-Boelter prediction when volume fraction φ > 0.5% |
Wen and Ding [93] | dp = 27-56 nm spherical Al2O3-water | Tube/laminar | Nu > 4.36 for fully-developed pipe flow with constant wall heat flux |
Ding [94] | dp > 100 nm rodlike carbon nanotube-water | Tube/laminar | Nu increase more than 300% at Re = 800 |
Heris [95] | dp = 20 nm spherical Al2O3-water | Tube/laminar | Nu measured is larger than Nu of pure water |
Williams [49] | dp = 46 nm spherical Al2O3-water dp = 60 nm spherical ZrO2-water | Tube/turbulent | Nu of nanofluids can be predicted by traditional correlations and models. No abnormal heat transfer enhancement was observed. |
Kolade [37] | dp = 40-50 nm spherical Al2O3-water rodlike carbon nanotube-oil | Tube/laminar | Nu is apparently larger than pure based fluid |
Duangthongsuk [14] | dp = 21 nm spherical TiO2-water | Tube/turbulent | Pak and Cho (1998) correlation show better agreement to experimental data of Nu than Xuan and Li (2002) correlation |
Rea [96] | dp = 50 nm spherical Al2O3-water dp = 50 nm spherical ZrO2-water | Tube/laminar | Nu of Al2O3-water nanofluid show up to 27% more than pure water, ZrO2-water displays much lower enhancement. |
Jung [90] | dp = 170 nm spherical Al2O3-water dp = 170 nm spherical Al2O3-ethylene glycol | Rectangular microchannel/laminar | Nu increases with increasing the Reynolds number in laminar flow regime, appreciable enhancement of Nu is measured |
Heris [97] | spherical Al2O3-water | Tube/laminar | Nu increases with increasing the Peclet number and φ, Brownian motion may play role in convective heat transfer enhancement |