From: Experimental study of combustion characteristics of nanoscale metal and metal oxide additives in biofuel (ethanol)
Fuel
Density (g/cc)
Literature HHV (MJ/kg)
Literature HHV (MJ/L)
Experimental value (MJ/kg)
Experimental value (MJ/L)
Ethanol (99% ABV)
0.789
29.73 [24]
23.66 [24]
27.44 ± 1.35
21.67 ± 1.08
