Table 2 Parameters of the stable nanofluids
From: Stability and rheology of dilute TiO2-water nanofluids
Sample | Powder | Base solution | pH | ξ (mV) | Conc. TiO2 (wt.%) | Conc. TiO2 (vol.%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1+ | A1 | 10-2 M HCl | 2.4 | 69.4 | 1.2 | 0.31 |
A1-a | A1 | 10-3 M NaOH | 12.4 | -42.7 | 0.8b | 0.2a |
A2+ | A2 | 10-2 M HCl | 2.4 | 81.2 | 2.4 | 0.65 |
A2-a | A2 | 10-3 M NaOH | 12.4 | -44.3 | 1.2* | 0.3* |
A3+ | A3 | 10-2 M HCl | 2.4 | 87 | 1.4 | 0.36 |
A3-a | A3 | 10-3 M NaOH | 12.3 | -44.5 | 0.8* | 0.2* |
R1+a | R1 | 10-2 M HCl | 2.4 | - | 0.2* | 0.05* |
R1- | R1 | 10-2 M NaOH | 12.4 | -65.2 | 0.2 | 0.05 |
R2+a | R2 | 10-2 M HCl | 2.4 | 34.9 | 0.2a | 0.05a |
R2- | R2 | 10-2 M NaOH | 12.4 | -61.6 | 0.3 | 0.07 |