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Table 6 Experiments focusing on Pool Boiling and Critical Heat Flux heat transfer

From: Anomalous heat transfer modes of nanofluids: a review based on statistical analysis

Paper Reference No

keff/kNF Conduction

keff/kNF Convection/mixed

NP material

NP size, (nm unless specified)

BF material

F,(vol% unless specified)

T test, (K)

Experimental Apparatus Index No

Mechanism Index No

µNF/µBF

Flow Status

Effects of Gravity

PBHT

CHT

Notes

[69]

-

-

Ag - silver sphere

35

water

0.5%wt

364

7

9

-

-

-

<1

-

initially washed sphere quenched from 974K

[69]

-

-

 

35

water

1%wt

364

7

9

-

-

-

<1

-

 

[69]

-

-

 

35

water

2%wt

364

7

9

-

-

-

<1

-

 

[69]

-

-

 

35

water

4%wt

364

7

9

-

-

-

<1

-

 

[69]

-

-

 

25

water

0.125%wt

364

7

9

-

-

-

>1

-

 

[69]

-

-

 

25

water

0.25%wt

364

7

9

-

-

-

>1

-

 

[69]

-

-

 

25

water

0.5%wt

364

7

9

-

-

-

>1

-

 

[69]

-

-

 

25

water

1%wt

364

7

9

-

-

-

>1

-

 

[115]

-

-

Al2O3

220

Trypan Blue

-

-

5

10

-

-

-

>1

-

-

[115]

-

-

Au (Shells)

170

 

-

-

5

10

-

-

-

>1

-

-

[115]

-

-

Au (spheres)

30

 

-

-

5

10

-

-

-

>1

-

-

[115]

-

-

Au (Rods)

14*45

 

-

-

5

10

-

-

-

>1

-

-

[57]

-

-

Al2O3

47

water

0.1

-

8

9

-

-

-

-

1.78

unwashed heating

surface values used here.

Max values used. When

CHT>1 then PBHT is

inferred to be >1 as well

[57]

-

-

SiO2

90

water

0.1

-

8

9

-

-

-

-

2.00

 

[57]

-

-

TiO2

85

water

0.1

-

8

9

-

-

-

-

2.75

 

[57]

-

-

TiO2

85

water

1

-

8

9

-

-

-

-

2.70

 

[56]

-

-

Al2O3

47

water

0.1

374

8

9

-

-

-

-

1.75

 

[56]

-

-

TiO2

85

water

0.1

374

8

9

-

-

-

-

2.15

 

[119]

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8

11

-

-

-

-

>1

theoretical investigation

[29]

-

-

Al2O3

30

water

1.25%wt

-

8

9

-

-

-

1.4

-

aggregation is observed with an effective particle size of around 270 nm

[108]

-

-

Al2O3

25

water

2%wt

-

8

6,8

-

-

-

1.3

-

 

[108]

-

-

SnO2

55

water

3%wt

-

8

6,8

-

-

-

1.2

-

 

[54]

-

-

Al2O3

38.8

water

0.1

304

7

9

-

-

-

-

1.50

Stainless Steel Sphere - SS, Zircalloy Sphere - Zry quenched from 1304K

[54]

-

-

Al2O3

38.8

water

0.1

304

7

9

-

-

-

-

2.37

 

[54]

-

-

Diamond

165.4

water

0.1

304

7

9

-

-

-

-

1.08

 

[54]

-

-

diamond

165.4

water

0.1

304

7

9

-

-

-

-

0.60

 

[54]

-

-

SiO2

32.9

water

0.1

304

7

9

-

-

-

-

1.32

SS sphere

[54]

-

-

SiO2

32.9

water

0.1

304

7

9

-

-

-

-

1.54

Zry sphere

[112]

-

-

TiO2

21

HCF 141b

0.05

-

8

-

-

-

-

<1

-

Heating surface washed after each trial

[125]

-

-

Al2O3

-

water

0.05 g/l

334

8

-

-

-

-

1

2.00

Heating surface washed after each trial

[3]

-

-

Al2O3

20

water

1

371

8

9

-

-

-

1.4

-

heavily agglomerated

NF. If greatly sub cooled

NF used there is

degradation of heating

wire

[68]

-

-

CuO

30

water

1%wt

-

8

9

-

-

-

1.25

1.50

Atmospheric Pressure

[68]

-

-

CuO

30

water

1%wt

-

8

4,6,9

-

-

-

2.5

3.00

Lowered Pressure

[55]

-

-

Al2O3

47

water

0.001

-

8

9

-

-

-

-

1.70

Saturated CHT

[55]

-

-

Al2O3

47

water

0.1

-

8

9

-

-

-

-

1.70

 

[55]

-

-

TiO2

23

water

0.1

-

8

9

-

-

-

-

2.00

 

[72]

-

-

Al2O3

22.6

water

0.08%wt

374

8

9

-

-

-

-

1.50

 

[72]

-

-

Al2O3

46

water

0.08%wt

374

8

9

-

-

-

-

1.45

 

[72]

-

-

BiO2

38

water

0.01%wt

374

8

9

-

-

-

-

1.33

 
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