Figure 1

Schematic structure of the IOSCs, and FE-SEM images and EDS spectrum of AZO nanostructures. (a) The schematic structure of the IOSCs based on AZO nanostructures. (b) The cross-sectional FE-SEM images of AZO nanostructure arrays fabricated on FTO substrates in an Al concentration of 4 mM solution. Scale bar, 300 nm. (c) The EDS spectrum of AZO nanostructure array sample fabricated on the FTO substrate in an Al concentration of 4 mM solution.