Figure 1
From: Analytical expression of Kondo temperature in quantum dot embedded in Aharonov-Bohm ring
(a) Model for an Aharonov-Bohm (AB) ring with an embedded quantum dot. A quantum dot with an energy level ε 0 is connected to two external leads by tunnel couplings, V L and V R . Another arm of the AB ring (reference arm) and external leads are represented by a one-dimensional tight-binding model. The reference arm includes a tunnel barrier with transfer integral W. The magnetic flux Φ penetrating the ring is considered as an AB phase ϕ = 2π Φ/Φ0 with flux quantum Φ0 = h/e. (b) The density of states in the lead for the reduced model, ν(ε k ) in Eq. (6). ν(ε k ) oscillates with the period of ε T, the Thouless energy for the ballistic systems. Its amplitude and phase depend on the AB phase ϕ.