Figure 4

Growth inhibition assays. (A) Effect on P. falciparum viability of chloroquine (CQ) and fosmidomycin (FM), free or encapsulated in liposomes (L) or immunoliposomes (IL) and added at the ring or the trophozoite stage. The values express percentage of reduction respective to the parasitemia of controls without drug added. Asterisks on top of individual bars indicate significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in relation to the corresponding control sample of the non-encapsulated drug. (B) Effect on P. falciparum viability of increasing amounts of BM1234 antibody on chloroquine-containing immunoliposomes. The amount of chloroquine added to the culture was 4 nM in all samples. 1×, 10×, and 50 × correspond respectively to 5, 50, and 250 estimated antibody molecules per liposome. The asterisk indicates a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). (C) Grid showing the p values within the trophozoite and ring sample groups in the experiment from panel B. Bold numbers indicate a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05).