Figure 4

The binding energy of both related Ag and Al elements by XPS measurement. The binding energy of both related Ag and Al elements by XPS measurement for the presence of Ag dopant in (a) 1, (b) 3, and (c) 5 at.% SAZO NWs. A sharp, strong peak which originated from the Ag chemical bonding peak (Ag 3d5/2) of the SAZO NWs is observed at 369.2 and 369.1 eV for 3 and 5 at.% SAZO NWs, respectively. The doping conditions of 3 and 5 at.% SAZO NWs have been optimized to make Ag-doped ZnO NWs by Ag and Al co-doping technique.