Table 2 The field emission properties of various emitter materials
From: Highly conductive vertically aligned molybdenum nanowalls and their field emission property
Material | Eturn-on(V/μm) | Ethreshold(V/μm) | Reported largest current density (mA/cm2) | Fluctuation of emission current density |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mo nanowalls | 4.0 | 7.6 | 57.5 | 1.18%, 10 mA/cm2 |
C nanotubes[24] | <0.75 | 1.6 | 3,000 | |
SiC nanowires[25] | 0.9 | 2.5 to 3.5 | 18 | 3%, 5 mA/cm2 |
Cu2S nanowires[28] | 6.0 | 12 | 0.6 | 2%, 0.4 mA/cm2 |
ZnO nanowires[29] | >6.0 | >11 | 2.0 | |
2.2 | 6.24 | 18 | 5%, 10 mA/cm2 | |
MoO2 nanowires[11] | 2.4 | 5.6 | 16 | 2.5%, 10 mA/cm2 |
3.5 | 7.65 | 13 | 10%, 10 mA/cm2 | |
MoO2 nanorods[7] | 4 to 18 | |||
Pinaster-like MoO2 nanoarrays[8] | 2.39 | 5.2 | 9.2%, 2.8 mA/cm2 | |
MoO3 nanobelts[10] | 8.7 | 12.9 | 1,000 | 15%, 260 mA/cm2 |
2.6 | 6.4 | 14 | 2%, 0.94 mA/cm2 | |
MoO3 nanoflowers[30] | 4.3 | 0.14 | 10%, 0.01 mA/cm2 | |
Mo oxide nanostars[9] | 11.3 | 1.36 | 13%, 0.35 mA/cm2 | |
WO2 nanowires[26] | 1.357 | 2.38 | 12.8 | |
WO3 nanowires[26] | 1.72 | 2.87 | 15 | |
W18O49 nanowires[27] | 2.0 | 4.37 | 14 | 2%, 0.16 mA/cm2 |