Solution reaction design: electroaccepting and electrodonating powers of ions in solution

Li, Keyan; Li, Min; Xue, Dongfeng

doi:10.1186/1556-276X-7-6

Table 1 Calculated electroaccepting power, ω⁺_s, in aqueous solution and the absolute reduction potential, E°_abs

From: Solution reaction design: electroaccepting and electrodonating powers of ions in solution

M ^z+	μ _bath ^a	μ ^{+ b}	η ^{+ b}	ΔN⁺_{g, max}	ΔG_hyd	Δω⁺	ω ⁺ _s	zE°_abs^c
Li⁺	-4.044	-22.954	35.124	0.538	-481	-2.053	5.214	1.223
Na⁺	-3.854	-15.677	21.075	0.561	-375	-1.466	4.013	1.550
K⁺	-3.255	-11.163	13.645	0.580	-304	-1.116	3.062	1.339
Rb⁺	-3.133	-9.953	11.551	0.590	-281	-0.998	2.865	1.339
Cs⁺	-2.920	-9.195	10.603	0.592	-258	-0.912	2.673	1.340
Ag⁺	-5.682	-11.055	6.957	0.772	-440	-1.108	5.354	5.062
Cu⁺	-5.795	-10.867	6.282	0.807	-535	-1.294	5.433	4.783
Tl⁺	-4.581	-9.688	7.160	0.713	-310	-0.847	4.242	3.923
In⁺	-4.340	-9.057	6.542	0.721	-296	-0.799	4.032	4.123
Be²⁺	-6.992	-52.133	67.843	0.665	-2404	-10.787	8.883	4.546
Mg²⁺	-5.735	-31.313	32.554	0.786	-1838	-7.780	6.774	3.814
Ca²⁺	-4.585	-21.632	19.521	0.873	-1515	-6.187	5.260	2.846
Sr²⁺	-4.271	-18.995	15.930	0.924	-1386	-5.567	5.185	2.746
Ba²⁺	-3.909	-16.378	12.748	0.978	-1258	-4.963	4.958	2.686
V²⁺	-5.060	-18.291	7.347	1.801	-1825	-6.841	14.187	6.266
Cr²⁺	-5.075	-20.105	7.237	2.077	-1860	-7.206	18.940	6.726
Mn²⁺	-5.576	-20.147	9.014	1.617	-1770	-6.634	14.157	6.186
Fe²⁺	-5.927	-19.804	7.232	1.919	-1848	-6.711	17.976	7.646
Co²⁺	-5.911	-21.188	8.208	1.861	-1922	-7.181	18.037	7.972
Ni²⁺	-5.730	-22.424	8.511	1.962	-1998	-7.708	19.906	8.012
Cu²⁺	-5.795	-24.429	8.275	2.252	-2016	-7.969	26.064	9.206
Zn²⁺	-7.046	-23.405	10.879	1.504	-1963	-7.110	15.784	7.001
Cd²⁺	-6.745	-22.051	10.286	1.488	-1736	-6.244	15.180	7.720
Hg²⁺	-7.828	-22.618	7.722	1.915	-1766	-5.984	23.174	10.234
Sn²⁺	-5.508	-18.600	7.936	1.650	-1496	-5.457	14.429	8.251
Pb²⁺	-5.562	-19.258	8.453	1.620	-1434	-5.285	14.824	8.274
Pd²⁺	-6.253	-22.805	6.750	2.452	-1920	-7.222	28.406	10.356
Sm²⁺	-4.233	-14.153	6.165	1.609	-1375	-4.994	9.797	3.186
Eu²⁺	-4.253	-14.668	6.835	1.524	-1391	-5.118	9.296	2.926
Yb²⁺	-4.691	-15.395	6.437	1.663	-1510	-5.441	11.259	2.926
Al³⁺	-4.489	-51.334	45.772	1.023	-4531	-21.427	7.139	7.761
Ga³⁺	-4.499	-39.033	16.645	2.075	-4521	-20.728	24.430	11.202
In³⁺	-4.340	-34.523	12.985	2.324	-3989	-18.073	27.093	11.775
Sc³⁺	-4.921	-36.940	24.366	1.314	-3801	-17.073	10.431	6.699
Y³⁺	-4.663	-30.539	20.039	1.291	-3457	-15.179	7.550	5.679
La³⁺	-4.183	-26.870	15.386	1.475	-3155	-13.805	9.090	5.649
Fe³⁺	-5.927	-36.689	12.074	2.548	-4271	-18.557	35.731	12.669
Co³⁺	-5.911	-37.950	8.900	3.600	-4503	-19.701	59.247	14.148
Au³⁺	-6.919	-41.575	8.350	4.150	-4416	-19.075	81.561	17.349

^a ${μ^{+}}_{bath} = {μ^{-}}_{atom} = - (3 I_{M} + A_{M}) / 4 ≅ - 3 I_{M} / 4$ because of the neglectable values of electron affinities, A_M, for atoms. ^b μ⁺ and η⁺ are obtained from Equation 3a. ^c The product of the charge number, z, and the absolute reduction potential, E°_abs. The values of E°_abs are calculated form Equation 18 where the absolute standard hydrogen electrode potential, E°_{SHE = 0}, is 4.263 eV according to Marcus [21].

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