Figure 2From: Immobilization of pamidronic acids on the nanotube surface of titanium discs and their interaction with bone cellsTypical (a) surface and (b) cross-sectional FE-SEM images of TiO 2 nanotubes. The nanotubes were formed at an applied potential of 25 V for 2 h in 1 M H3PO4 + 0.3 M HF solution at 20°C.Back to article page