The roles of integrin β1 in phenotypic maintenance and dedifferentiation in chondroid cells differentiated from human adipose-derived stem cells

Table 2 Morphological and biomechanical parameters of differentiated cells detected by AFM

Group	Surface average roughness (R a) (nm)	Root mean square roughness (R q) (nm)	Adhesive force (pN)	Young’s modulus (kPa)
ADS	46.700 ± 4.495^b	72.450 ± 7.246^b	182.326 ± 18.229^a	1.597 ± 0.110^b
3DD	71.155 ± 7.096^a,b	106.448 ± 12.070^a,b	200.254 ± 17.138^a	2.059 ± 0.179^a,b
6DD	72.407 ± 7.621^a,b	106.721 ± 13.489^a,b	261.688 ± 19.416^a,b	2.314 ± 0.207^a,b
9DD	85.044 ± 7.170^a,b	104.311 ± 11.333^a,b	301.049 ± 22.776^a,b	2.405 ± 0.213^a
12DD	220.847 ± 21.308^a,b	300.940 ± 29.248^a,b	410.440 ± 28.638^a,b	2.711 ± 0.236^a
15DD	169.844 ± 16.589^a,b	218.186 ± 17.884 ^a,b	369.682 ± 26.958^a,b	2.996 ± 0.233^a
18DD	154.426 ± 12.985^a,b	180.992 ± 18.232^a,b	306.807 ± 23.506^a,b	3.090 ± 0.234^a
21DD	116.913 ± 12.361^a,b	151.729 ± 13.340^a,b	181.895 ± 18.648^b	3.518 ± 0.381^a,b
NC	303.205 ± 29.475^a	362.011 ± 35.296^a	639.197 ± 47.678^a	2.742 ± 0.200^a