Comparison of anti-angiogenic properties of pristine carbon nanoparticles

Table 2 Comparison of angiogenesis parameters of vessels with a diameter between 100 and 200 μm

	Mean vessel area (mm²)	Mean vessel length (mm)	Number of branch points	Angiogenic activity
Group
Control	30.8	2.8 a	4.3 a
GNS	26.9	2.3 ab	4.2 ab	0
NG	24.9	2.0 ab	2.6 ab	0
ND	25.9	1.9 b	1.8 b	- -
C60	39.4	2.7 a	3.8 ab	0
MWNT	25.4	1.7 b	3.4 ab	- -
P value	0.038	0.006	0.014
Pooled SE	3.5	0.2	0.5

A 0 means no activity, a hyphen indicates low anti-angiogenic activity, and two hyphens indicate medium anti-angiogenic activity. Values with different letters are significantly different, P < 0.05. SE, standard error; GNS, graphene nanosheets; NG, graphite nanoparticle; ND, diamond nanoparticle; C60, fullerene C60; MWNT, multi-wall nanotube.