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Table 1 Different supercritical fluid methods utilized for liposomes production

From: Characteristics of lipid micro- and nanoparticles based on supercritical formation for potential pharmaceutical application

Method

Phospholipid composition

Active ingredient

Particle size

Reference

Supercritical liposome method

Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and cholesterol

FITC-dextran and TSZnPc

~200 nm

[27]

Rapid expansion of supercritical solution process

Phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol

Atractylodes macrocephala essential oil

~173 nm

[28]

Depressurization of an expanded solution into aqueous media

Diastearoylphosphatidylcholine and cholesterol

-

50 to 200 nm

[29]

Solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluid process

Soy phospholipids

Puerarin

1 μm

[30, 31]

Gas anti-solvent process

Soy phospholipids

-

-

[31]

Phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol

Amphotericin B

0.5 to 3 μm

[32]

Aerosol solvent extraction system

Phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol

Miconazole

DNS

[33]

Supercritical anti-solvent process

Lecithins S20, S75, and S100

-

1 to 40 μm

[34]

Lecithin S75

-

1 to 40 μm

[35]

Lecithin S75

Fluorescent markers

0.1 to 100 μm

[26]

Hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine, soy phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol

Docetaxel

200 to 300 nm

[36]

Hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine

Vitamin D3

1 μm

[37]

Hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine

Lutein

200 to 500 nm

[38]

Continuous anti-solvent process

Soy lecithin

-

0.1 to 100 μm

[39, 40]

Supercritical reverse-phase evaporation

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

Glucose and cholesterol

0.1 to 1.2 μm

[41]

Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid

Glucose and cholesterol

0.1 to 1.2 μm

[42]

Phosphatidylcholine and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine

Glucose

0.1 to 1.2 μm

[14]

Improved supercritical reverse-phase evaporation

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

Glucose

1.5 μm

[43, 44]

  1. DNS, data not shown.

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