Table 1 Description of evidence for health effects of nano-TiO 2 from cells models
From: Health effects of exposure to nano-TiO2: a meta-analysis of experimental studies
Reference | Biological model | Diameter (nm) | Time (h) | Dose | Main results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[9] | U937 | 100 | 24~48 | 0.005~4 mg/ml | Apoptotic and necrotic modifications |
[10] | A549 | 63 | 4~18 | 80 μg/ml | DNA damage |
[11] | A549/NCI-H1299 | 20 | 24 | 0.3~1,000 μg/ml | Aggregated |
[12] | CHO/293 T | 10~60 | 24 | 25~325 μg/ml | Genotoxicity |
[13] | BEAS-2B | 5 | 24 | 100 μg/ml | Increases cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 |
[14] | HDF/A549 | 3.2~10 | 48 | 0.3~3,000 μg/ml | Cytotoxicity and inflammation |
[15] | U973 | 20 | 12~24 | 0.625~20 μg/ml | Transcriptional change of TIMP-1 |
[16] | BGC-823 | 20 | 24~72 | 100~800 mg/L | Cytotoxicity and inhibited growth |
[17] | NIH3 T3/HFW | 15 | 24~72 | 0.0005~50 μg/ml | Cytotoxicity and ROS |
[18] | WIL2-NS | 8.2 | 6~48 | 26~130 μg/ml | Cause genotoxicity and cytotoxicity |
[19] | PC12 cells | 21 | 6~48 | 1~100 μg/ml | ROS and apoptosis |
[20] | lymphocytes | 25 | 1~48 | 20~100 μg/ml | Induced genotoxicity |
[21] | MC3T3-E1 | 5/32 | 24~72 | 5~500 μg/ml | Cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory |
[22] | Hela cells | 80 × 10 | 12 | 0.1~1.6 mg/ml | Cytotoxicity and OS-mediated |
[23] | THP-1 cells | 10 to 40 | 24 | 0.1~1.6 mg/ml | Reactive oxygen |
[24] | HDMEC | 70 | 24~72 | 5~50 μg/ml | No cytotoxicity and inflammatory |
[25] | CHL | 21 | 24/72 | 0.025~1.00 mg/ml | Cytotoxicity |
[26] | HLF | 21/80 | 24/48 | 5~80 mg/L | Inhibit GJIC |
[27] | A549 | 5 to 10 | 6 | 25~200 μg/ml | DNA damage |
[28] | Red cells | 15 | 3 | 1.25~20.0 g/L | MDA generations and hemolytic |
[29] | A549 | 25 | 1~24 | 100 μg/ml | ROS and inhibit the growth |
[30] | BGC-823 | 20 | 24 | 0.1~0.4 mg/ml | Increased ROS levels |
[31] | HaCaT | 20 to 35 | 4 | 10~300 μg/ml | Damaged structure and inhibited growth |
[32] | A549 | 5 | 24~72 | 5~160 μg/ml | Induced ROS |
[33] | L929 | 20 to 100 | 24~72 | 50~200 μg/ml | No cell proliferation and apoptosis |
[34] | 293 T and CHO | 10 | 24 | 10~500 μg/ml | Induced cell apoptosis |
[35] | HaCaT | 4~60 | 24 | 10~200 mg/ml | Cytotoxicity and apoptosis |