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Table 6 Variation in average Nusselt number and average skin friction coefficient with concentration at 310 K

From: Natural convection heat transfer of nanofluids along a vertical plate embedded in porous medium

Φ

Nuavg

Percentage increase in Nuavg at steady state

Cfavg (103)

Percentage increase in Cfavg at steady state

0

9.1505

-

2.7202

-

0.02

9.5864

4.76

2.7592

1.43

0.03

9.5875

4.78

2.7686

2.09

0.04

9.5262

4.11

2.7767

2.08

0.06

9.2465

1.05

2.7916

2.62

  1. ε = 0.72, diameter of Cu powder = 470 μm, length of plate = 0.04 m, permeability = 7 × 10−9, T (plate) = 310 K, d p  = 11 nm (Al2O3 + H2O).

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