Figure 4From: ZnO nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress triggers apoptosis by activating JNK signaling pathway in cultured primary astrocytesEffect of ZnO NPs on intracellular ROS generation in cultured primary astrocytes. (A) ROS generation in astrocytes. Cells were treated with 4, 8, or 12 μg/ml of ZnO NPs for 6, 12, or 24 h, respectively. (B) Inhibitory effect of NAC on ROS generation. Astrocytes were pretreated for 1 h with 5 mM of NAC before 6 h of co-exposure with ZnO NPs (12 μg/ml). Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three representative experiments. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. control. #p < 0.05 vs. ZnO NPs (12 μg/ml).Back to article page