A maskless synthesis of TiO2-nanofiber-based hierarchical structures for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells with improved performance

Table 1 Physical properties and photovoltaic parameters of plain nanofiber and hierarchical nanofiber-based DSCs

Electrode	Anatase (%)	Rutile (%)	Crystallite size (nm)	Dye loading (×10^-8 mol/cm²)	J_sc(mA/cm²)	V_oc(V)	FF (%)	η(%)
NF	100	0	16.1	4.25	3.93	0.84	0.43	1.42
HNF	25.31	68.37	26.7	6.0	4.05	0.92	0.58	2.14