Figure 5From: Fabrication of nanochannels with ladder nanostructure at the bottom using AFM nanoscratching methodSchematic of the nanochannel scratching with V stage and V tip in the opposite direction when V stage > V tip . Schematic of the machining state after ( a ) one and ( b ) two AFM scanning cycle. ( c ) Schematic of the cross section of the machined nanochannel.Back to article page