Table 1 Summary of NH 3 sensing properties of a conducting polymer and metal or metal oxide/conducting polymer sensor
Authors/reference | Method | Materials | NH3concentration (ppm) | NH3sensing performances |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Chen et al.[15] | Layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method | Polypyrrole (PPy) and Pt-doped two-layer PPy thin films | 100 | Response: approximately 3 to 100 ppm NH3 at room temperature |
Jeong et al.[16] | Spin coating | P3HT thin-film transistors | 10 to 100 | Response: 0.31 to 100 ppm NH3 at room temperature |
Saxena et al.[27] | Drop casting | P3HT:ZnO nanowire thin films | 4 | Response: <1% to 4 ppm NH3 at room temperature |
Chougule et al.[13] | Low-frequency AC spin coating | CSA (30 wt.%) doped PPy-ZnO hybrid films | 100 | Response: approximately 11 to 100 ppm NH3 at room temperature |
Baratto[18] | Drop casting | Hybrid poly (3-hexylthiophene)-ZnO nanocomposite thin films | 25 | Response: small response to 25 ppm NH3 at room temperature |
Tuan et al.[14] | A standard photolithography technique | Polyaniline (PANI) nanowires (NWs) | 25 to 500 | Response: 2.9 to 500 ppm NH3 at room temperature |
Tai et al.[21] | In situ self-assembly | Polyaniline/titanium dioxide (PANI/TiO2) nanocomposite thin films | 23 to 141 | Response: approximately 9 to 140 ppm NH3, response time 2 s, and recovery time 20 to 60 s at room temperature |
Huang et al.[26] | Spin coating | Graphene oxide (RGO)-polyaniline (PANI) hybrids | 50 | Response: approximately 10.4 to 50 ppm NH3 at room temperature |
Dhingra et al.[23] | Dipping | Zinc oxide/ polyaniline (ZnO/ PANI) hybrid | 300 | Response: approximately 23 to 300 ppm NH3 at room temperature |
This work | Drop casting | P3HT:1.00 mol% Au/ZnO NPs (4:1) | 50 to 1,000 | Response: approximately 32 to 1,000 ppm NH3 at room temperature |