Table 1 Compliance of FTIR analysis-based absorption peaks to types of chemical bonds in carbon nanomaterials [11]
Functional group | Type of vibration | Characteristic absorptions (cm −1 ) | Intensity |
|---|---|---|---|
Alcohol O-H | (Stretch, H-bonded) | 3, 200 to 3,600 | Strong, broad |
Alkane C-H | Stretch | 2,850 to 3,000 | Strong |
Acid O-H | Stretch | 2,500 to 3,300 | Strong, very broad |
Aldehyde = C-H | Stretch | 2,820 to 2,850 and 2,720 to 2,750 | Medium, two peaks |
Amine N-H | Stretch | 3,300 to 3,500 | Medium (primary amines have two bands; secondary have one band, often very weak) |
Acid C = O | Stretch | 1,700 to 1,725 | Strong |
Alkene C = C | Stretch | 1,620 to 1,680 | Variable |
Aromatic C = C | Stretch | 1,400 to 1,600 | Medium-weak, multiple bands |
Alkyl Halide C-F | Stretch | 1,000 to 1,400 | Strong |
Ether C-O | Stretch | 1,000 to 1,300 (1,070 to 1,150) | Strong |
Ester C-O | Stretch | 1,000 to 1,300 | Two bands or more |
Alkene = C-H | Bending | 675 to 1,000 | Strong |