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Figure 8 | Nanoscale Research Letters

Figure 8

From: Graphene-based optical modulators

Figure 8

Schematic illustration and ultrafast property of all-optical graphene optical modulator. (a) Graphene-clad microfiber (GCM) structure. (b) Schematic illustration of measurement. Module 1: light source for ultrafast measurement. This module simultaneously outputs 789-nm pulses and 1,550-nm pulses by transforming a 789-nm femtosecond laser source. A delay line is used to adjust the delay between 789-nm pulse and 1,550-nm pulse. Module 2: light source for modulation. (c) 1,550-nm carrier light modulated by a 5-ns 1,064-nm pump light pulse train. The light sources are in Module 2. (d) Time profile of switched-out pulse. Each modulated pulse has an approximately 80-ns tail owing to the slow recovery time of the photodetector. (e) Measurement of response time showing approximately 2.2 ps. The inset shows the dependence of modulation depth on pump intensity. Reproduced from ref. [52].

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