Selective aggregation of PAMAM dendrimer nanocarriers and PAMAM/ZnPc nanodrugs on human atheromatous carotid tissues: a photodynamic therapy for atherosclerosis

Table 1 Surface characteristics obtained from AFM images

	\( \overline{\boldsymbol{Z}}\left(\boldsymbol{nm}\right) \)	R _a ( nm )	R _q ( nm )
1 × 1 μm
Healthy	24.91	7.78	9.96
Atheromatous	49.37	7.87	10.12
Healthy + PAMAM	8.74	1.62	2.18
Glass + PAMAM (0.05 M)	3.54	0.53	0.79
Glass + PAMAM (0.025 M)	1.89	0.20	0.38
2 × 2 μm
Healthy	78.92	15.77	20.12
Atheromatous	56.46	12.90	16.41
Healthy + PAMAM	41.49	3.65	5.48
Atheromatous + PAMAM	166.63	17.23	24.09
Atheromatous + PAMAM + ZnPc	175.17	32.37	41.97
3 × 3 μm
Atheromatous	102.26	16.96	21.22
Atheromatous + PAMAM + ZnPc	280.84	46.62	60.30
5 × 5 μm
Healthy	133.98	34.58	43.20
Atheromatous	166.30	30.81	39.06
Atheromatous + PAMAM	266.32	50.96	65.86
Atheromatous + PAMAM + ZnPc	260.82	69.35	87.03
Glass + PAMAM (0.025 M)	19.23	2.98	6.57