Fig. 2
Variation of the resultant forces acting on a 10-nm nanoparticle along the y/H = 0.0 plane at ϕ = 0.05, Pr = 7.02, and Ra = 106 for a β = 0°, b β = 30°, c β = 60°, and d β = 90°. The resultant forces are defined as follows: \( {F}_{\mathrm{T}}=\sqrt{F_{\mathrm{T}x}^2+{F}_{\mathrm{T}y}^2},\ {F}_B=\sqrt{F_{\mathrm{B}x}^2+{F}_{\mathrm{B}y}^2},\ {F}_{\mathrm{D}}=\sqrt{F_{\mathrm{D}x}^2+{F}_{\mathrm{D}y}^2},\ {F}_H=\sqrt{{\left[\left({w}_{\mathrm{p}}-{F}_b\right) \cos \beta \right]}^2+{\left[\left({w}_p-{F}_b\right) \sin \beta \right]}^2} \)