Table 5 Summary of carbon nanoparticles in vivo accumulation with emphasis on exposure routes
Nanoparticles | Original nanoparticle name | Exposure route | Investigated animal | Nanoparticles present in organs | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Graphene | PEGylated nanographene sheets wih Cy7 | Intravenous | BALB/c mice | Kidney and excreted in urine | [16] |
Graphene oxide | 125I-nGO-PEG | Intraperitoneal | BALB/c mice | Liver, spleen | [17] |
125I-RGO-PEG | |||||
125I-nRGO-PEG | |||||
Graphene oxide | 125I-nGO-PEG | Intragastrically | BALB/c mice | Stomach, intestine | [17] |
125I-RGO-PEG | |||||
125I-nRGO-PEG | |||||
Graphene oxide | 125I-nGO-PEG | Intravenous | BALB/c mice | Liver, spleen | [18] |
125I-RGO-PEG | |||||
125I-nRGO-PEG | |||||
Graphene oxide | Graphene oxide | Intravenous | BALB/c mice | Lungs, liver | [33] |
Graphene oxide | Graphene oxide + Tween 80 | Intravenous | BALB/c mice | Liver | [33] |
Graphene oxide | GO | Intravitreal | Japanese white rabbit | Eyeball | [19] |
Graphene oxide | 125I-NGS-PEG | Intravenous | BALB/c mice | Liver, spleen, and excreted in urine | [39] |
Graphite nanoparticles | 60Co-Co/graphitic-shell nanocrystals | Intravenous | Kongming white mice | Liver, lungs, spleen | [25] |
Graphite nanoparticles | Graphite nanoparticles | Intragastrically | Caenorhabditis elegans | Along the nematode body | [15] |
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes | MWCNT | Intraperitoneal | Swiss-Webster mice | Liver | [35] |
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes | 125I-tau-MWNTs | Intravenous | Kunming mice | Liver, lungs, spleen | [27] |
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes | 125I-Tween-MWNTs | Intravenous | Kunming mice | Liver, lungs, spleen, stomach, kidney, large and small intestine | [27] |
Nanodiamond | 188Re-NDs | Intratracheal | Kun Ming mice | Bones, heart, liver, lungs, spleen | [23] |
Nanodiamond | NDs-4 | Intratracheal | ICR mice | Lungs | [12] |
NDs-50 | |||||
Nanodiamond | 125I-NDs | Intravenous | ICR mice | Liver, lungs, spleen | [24] |
Nanodiamond | 18F-DNPs | Intravenous | Sprague-Dawley rats | Liver, lungs, spleen and excreted in urine | [13] |
Nanodiamond | 18F-DNPs | Intravenous | Swiss CD1 mice | Liver, lungs, spleen and excreted in urine | [13] |
Nanodiamond | NDX (nanodiamond + DOX) | Intravenous | Sprague-Dawley rats BALB/c mice | Liver | [4] |
Nanodiamond | DNX (nanodiamond + DOX) | Intravenous | Sprague-Dawley rats BALB/c mice | Lungs | [4] |
Nanodiamond | RUDDM (Real-Dzerzhinsk ultra-disperse diamond modified) | Intravenous | Chinchilla rabbits | No aggregates but effects on biochemical blood parameters | [34] |
Nanodiamond | RUDDM (Real-Dzerzhinsk ultra-disperse diamond modified) | Subcutaneous | ICR mice | Subcutaneous injection region, skin | [34] |
Nanodiamond | Fluorescent nanodiamond | Gonad arms | Caenorhabditis elegans | Gonad, oocytes, early embryos | [26] |
Nanodiamond | Fluorescent nanodiamond | Intragastrically | Caenorhabditis elegans | Gut (digestive track, after 20 min FND were excreted)—aggregates | [26] |
Nanodiamond | Dextran-coated Fluorescent nanodiamond BSA-coated FND | Intragastrically | Caenorhabditis elegans | Intestinal cells | [26] |
Single-walled carbon nanotubes | SWCNTs | Intravenous | CD-ICR mouse | Liver, lung, spleen | [28] |
Single-walled carbon nanotubes | 64Cu-labeled SWNT–PEG2000 | Intravenous | Nude mice | Liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, lung | [36] |
SWNT–PEG5400 |