Fig. 11

ZnO NP toxicity using nZnO/PBS and nZnO – FBS/PBS stock dispersions for 24 h on various suspension cell types. Cultures were treated concurrently with varying concentrations of ZnO NP for 24 h and cell viability was evaluated (means ± standard error, minimum of n = 3). Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance and model-based means post hoc test (p < 0.05) with an asterisk denoting statistical significance. Jurkat cell viability was assessed using both a alamar blue staining or b flow cytometry and PI uptake to evaluate between assay variability and repeatability. c Hut-78 cell viability using alamar blue staining and d CD4+ T cell viability using flow cytometry and PI uptake