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Fig. 4 | Nanoscale Research Letters

Fig. 4

From: Fundamental Study on the Fabrication of Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Two-Step Sequential Substrate Vibration-Assisted Spray Coating (2S-SVASC)

Fig. 4

Effect of the substrate temperature and the time interval between sprays (TIS) on the perovskite film topography: CLSM (top rows) and SEM (bottom rows) images of the perovskite thin films prepared by the 2S-SVASC technique (runs 1–6). Images (a), (b), and (c) correspond to the films fabricated at substrate temperature of 70 ºC, and (d), (e), and (f) correspond to the films fabricated at substrate temperature of 120 ºC

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