Fig. 1

Chitosan synthesis and characterization. a A schematic illustration of microcapsules synthesis. b SEM images of chitosan, chitosan/Fe₃O₄, and chitosan/Fe₃O₄@IL microcapsules. c FT-IR spectra of chitosan, chitosan/Fe₃O₄, and chitosan/Fe₃O₄@ILmicrocapsules. d Heating curves of water, saline, and microcapsules under MW irradiation at a power density of 1.8 W/cm² for 5 min