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Fig. 7 | Nanoscale Research Letters

Fig. 7

From: Electrokinetic Properties of TiO2 Nanotubular Surfaces

Fig. 7

A schematic figure of the electric double layer showing an electrolyte solution (co-ions, counterions, and water molecules) in contact with a negatively charged planar Ti surface (σ < 0). The distance b denotes the distance of the closest approach (also called outer Helmholtz plane), approximately equal to the hydration radius of the counterions (cations in our case). The symbol x z denotes the location of the fluid dynamic slip plane, where the electrolyte solution starts to move relative to the plane at x = 0 and where the zeta potential (ζ) is measured. The slip plane is usually beyond the thickness of Stern layer [36]

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