Heat Transfer Capability of (Ethylene Glycol + Water)-Based Nanofluids Containing Graphene Nanoplatelets: Design and Thermophysical Profile

Table 1 Adjustable parameters, AADs%, and standard deviations, σ, of the different correlations presented for GOnP/(EG + W) nanofluids

	Base fluid (0 wt.%)	0.10 wt.%	0.25 wt.%	0.50 wt.%
Second-order polynomial fitting, Eq. (1)
a ₀/(W m⁻¹ K⁻¹)	−0.86582	−1.8363	−1.3787	−1.0881
10³ a ₁/(W m⁻¹ K⁻²)	7.6323	13.706	10.831	9.1277
10⁶ a ₂/(W m⁻¹ K⁻³)	−9.4810	−18.883	−14.374	−11.716
AADs%	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2
σ/(W m⁻¹ K⁻¹)	0.002	0.001	0.001	0.002
Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) model, Eq. (4)
η ₀/(mPa s)	0.0470	0.0488	0.0504	0.0544
D/K	2.41	2.42	2.42	2.45
T ₀/K	169.50	168.82	168.88	166.72
AADs%	1.3%	1.6%	1.6%	1.1%
σ/(mPa s)	0.017	0.018	0.018	0.016
Second-order polynomial fitting, Eq. (6)
b ₀/(g cm⁻³)	0.80296	0.80933	0.82096	0.82813
10³ b ₁/(g cm⁻³ K⁻¹)	1.6936	1.6583	1.5845	1.5493
10⁶ b ₂/(g cm⁻³ K⁻²)	−3.3571	−3.3036	−3.1786	−3.1250
AADs%	0.003	0.007	0.010	0.003
10⁴ σ/(g cm⁻³)	0.6	1.1	1.5	0.6

a _i coefficients from the second-order polynomial fitting of thermal conductivity, Eq. (1); η ₀, D, and T ₀ coefficients from Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) correlation, Eq. (4); as well as b _i coefficients from the second-order polynomial fitting of density, Eq. (6), for GOnPs/(EG + W) nanofluids