Fig. 3From: Tailoring the Mesoscopic TiO2 Layer: Concomitant Parameters for Enabling High-Performance Perovskite Solar CellsThe effect of PS ratio on the nanostructures and optical properties of MAPbI3(Cl) perovskite. a X-ray diffraction of MAPbI3(Cl) films. b Transmission haze of TiO2 with different ratios of PS bead. c Absorbance of MAPbI3(Cl) on the corresponding TiO2, and d the determination of the optical bandgap for the MAPbI3(Cl) film. Samples are without PS bead (w/o PS), 1:10 wt. % ratio of PS bead in TiO2 paste (PS/TiO2 = 1:10 (before and after optimization)), 1:5 wt. % ratio of PS to TiO2 (1:5 (optimized)), and 1:2 wt. % ratio (1:2 (optimized)). For comparison, the optical bandgap energy of MAPbI3(Cl) film on a compact TiO2 is shown in the inset of (d)Back to article page