Tailoring the Mesoscopic TiO2 Layer: Concomitant Parameters for Enabling High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Table 1 The effect of polystyrene (PS) ratio on the perovskite solar cell performance

Substrate	J _sc [mA cm⁻²]	V _oc [V]	FF [%]	η [%]
w/o PS	17.9 (16.8)	0.719 (0.713)	53.4 (52.1)	6.87 (6.24)
1:10	20.5 (18.9)	0.633 (0.621)	52.7 (50.8)	6.84 (5.94)
1:5	20.6 (19.3)	0.635 (0.626)	54.5 (53.9)	7.13 (6.51)
1:2	20.5 (19.7)	0.667 (0.644)	56.6 (54.7)	7.74 (6.93)

Short-circuit current density (J _sc), open-circuit voltage (V _oc), fill factor (FF), and power-conversion efficiency (η) of perovskite solar cells, without PS and with various ratios of PS-templated TiO₂. TiO₂ blocking layer is deposited by solution. (Data in the bracket are the averaged ones from more than four cells in each condition.)