Table 2 Effects of TiO2 of different sizes at different concentration on the growth and development of mouse in vitro embryos (N = 15)
From: The Potential Liver, Brain, and Embryo Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Mice
TiO2 concentration | VXY diameter | CRL (mm) | Head length (mm) | The number of body sections | Malformation rate (%) | Death rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
micro-TiO2 | 0 | 0 | ||||
0.0 | 4.37 ± 0.08 | 3.35 ± 0.06 | 1.45 ± 0.04 | 30.68 ± 1.65 | 0 | 0 |
50.0 | 4.36 ± 0.07 | 3.34 ± 0.13 | 1.49 ± 0.12 | 30.46 ± 1.27 | 20.0* | 0 |
100.0 | 4.46 ± 0.09 | 3.39 ± 0.08 | 1.46 ± 0.11 | 30.82 ± 1.49 | 33.3* | 0 |
200.0 | 4.51 ± 0.11 | 3.38 ± 0.09 | 1.46 ± 0.08 | 30.68 ± 1.29 | ||
5–10 nm | ||||||
0.0 | 4.36 ± 0.07 | 3.34 ± 0.05 | 1.46 ± 0.05 | 30.78 ± 1.65 | 0 | 0 |
50.0 | 4.37 ± 0.06 | 3.37 ± 0.8 | 1.47 ± 0.8 | 30.63 ± 1.47 | 0 | 0 |
100.0 | 4.01 ± 0.24* | 2.59 ± 0.28* | 1.16 ± 0.08# | 22.24 ± 3.47* | 20.0* | 0 |
200.0 | 3.21 ± 0.28# | 2.36 ± 0.49# | 1.06 ± 0.12# | 17.68 ± 4.22# | 33.3* | 0 |
60 nm | ||||||
0.0 | 4.38 ± 0.07 | 3.35 ± 0.06 | 1.46 ± 0.06 | 30.81 ± 1.72 | 0 | 0 |
50.0 | 4.37 ± 0.06 | 3.36 ± 0.05 | 1.47 ± 0.08 | 30.63 ± 2.14 | 0 | 0 |
100.0 | 3.41 ± 0.34* | 2.51 ± 0.32* | 1.22 ± 0.18# | 24.17 ± 4.61# | 6.67 | 0 |
200.0 | 4.32 ± 0.26 | 2.29 ± 0.51* | 0.96 ± 0.21# | 15.36 ± 4.71# | 60.0* | 0 |
90 nm | ||||||
0.0 | 4.37 ± 0.07 | 3.35 ± 0.05 | 1.46 ± 0.06 | 30.91 ± 1.67 | 0 | 0 |
50.0 | 4.38 ± 0.06 | 3.38 ± 0.11 | 1.47 ± 0.08 | 30.13 ± 1.61 | 0 | 0 |
100.0 | 4.09 ± 0.14* | 2.89 ± 0.02* | 1.19 ± 0.11# | 19.17 ± 4.56# | 52.7# | 6.67 |
200.0 | 3.72 ± 0.21# | 2.52 ± 0.21# | 1.08 ± 0.15# | 14.67 ± 3.57# | 74.1# | 26.67* |