Fig. 4From: Experimental Study on the Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of TiO2-Water Nanofluids in a Spirally Fluted TubeTransmittance (τ) of nanofluid (ω = 0.3%). Transmittance changes with quiescent time of TiO2-water nanofluid (ω = 0.3%) with different doses (M) of dispersant agent: a M = 5 wt%, b M = 6 wt%, c M = 7 wt%, and d M = 8 wt%Back to article page