Fig. 1
Schematic of the CFA/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure (a) and schematic of the coordinate system (b). α, φ, and θ are the angles of the effective electric-field-induced piezostrain field (Hσ), magnetic anisotropy field (Hk), and magnetization (Ms) with respect to the total effective field (H0), respectively. θ0 is the angle of the Hk with respect to the magnetic field (H). c The hysteresis loop (P-E loop, 1 Hz) and strain curve (S-E) of PMN-PT substrate along [100] direction. d A typical MFM image of CFA film