A Comparative In Vivo Scrutiny of Biosynthesized Copper and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Intraperitoneal and Intravenous Administration Routes in Rats

Table 5 Haematology study for rat treated with Bio-CuNPs and Bio-ZnONPs through intravenous and intraperitoneal route of administration after 14th day of observation

Parameters	Group I: Bio-CuNPs			Group II: Bio-ZnONPs			Control	Ref. range
Parameters	NOAEC	IC₅₀	TLC	NOAEC	IC₅₀	TLC
WBC
i/v	10.4 ± 0.76	2.46 ± 0.015	11.94 ± 0.53	10.45 ± 0.53	10.8 ± 0.69	9.7 ± 0.82	9.71 ± 0.98	4–10
i/p	9.7 ± 0.64	3.08 ± 0.053	12.5 ± 0.629	10.1 ± 0.72	9.38 ± 0.79	10.84 ± 0.443	9.82 ± 0.094	4–10
RBC
i/v	4.51 ± 0.043	2.82 ± 0.081	1.2 ± 0.07	5.81 ± 0.38	4.95 ± 0.58	5.23 ± 0.64	4.98 ± 0.072	3.50–5.50
i/p	5.174 ± 0.7	4.05 ± 0.039	5.94 ± 0.043	5.56 ± 0.053	4.65 ± 0.013	3.12 ± 0.32	4.67 ± 0.053	3.50–5.50
Hb
i/v	129 ± 5.83	92 ± 3.6	115 ± 5.86	152 ± 5.7	152 ± 5.39	158 ± 4.3	127 ± 5.32	110–160
i/p	103.64 ± 6.9	100 ± 3.88	144 ± 3.64	131 ± 4.5	142 ± 3.92	160 ± 6.69	132 ± 4.054	110–160
Platelet Count
i/v	45 ± 4.53	21 ± 2.5	435 ± 6.3	276 ± 6.2	253 ± 6.7	238 ± 5.8	232 ± 5.3	100–300
i/p	208 ± 6.43	106.2 ± 4.2	55.8 ± 3.96	280 ± 5.8	310 ± 7.5	322 ± 6.65	245 ± 4.5	100–300
Clotting time
i/v	7.2 ± 0.0065	8.4 ± 0.005	0.7 ± 0.0083	5.2 ± 0.0017	4.8 ± 0.0063	4.72 ± 0.0032	6.6 ± 0.012	2–5
i/p	4.2 ± 0.0017	1.8 ± 0.0015	7.5 ± 0.0064	5.7 ± 0.0074	5.3 ± 0.0041	5.5 ± 0.0083	5.9 ± 0.005	2–5

All data are expressed in mean ± SD of the mean of the three independent experiments; each was carried out in triplicate, N = 6 rats per group
i/v intravenous route, i/p intraperitoneal route, NOAEC no observable adverse effect concentration, IC₅₀ inhibitory concentration, TLC total lethal concentration, WBC white blood cells (SI unit 10⁹/L), RBC red blood cells (SI unit 10⁹/L), Hb haemoglobin (SI unit g/L) and platelet count (SI unit 10⁹/L), clotting time: in minutes