Account

Table 1 Percentages of Si oxidation states by XPS measurements in Fig. 2. Obvious enhancements of various Si oxidation states can be founded from (a) to (b)

From: Transformation of sludge Si to nano-Si/SiO_x structure by oxygen inward diffusion as precursor for high performance anodes in lithium ion batteries

Sample	Si⁰ (%)	Si¹⁺ (%)	Si²⁺ (%)	Si³⁺ (%)	Si⁴⁺ (%)
(a)	41.7	14.7	4	23.1	16.5
(b)	9.1	16.4	1.4	37.7	35.4

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