Fig. 2
a Test circuit of transient voltage discharge characteristics measurement. b Time-resolved transient voltage decay characteristics at 5 V (D1, D2, and D3). [Inset: A fast decay time τ1 ≈ 100 μs. The orange dashed arrow shows different fall rates of devices]. c Turn-on voltage (Von) of S1, S2, and S3 [Inset: Luminance–voltage curves]. d Normalized time-resolved electroluminescence (EL) intensity of S1, S2, and S3 at 9 V. (The orange dashed line show the EL onset time of devices which is about 0.32 μs, 1.05 μs, and 0.48 μs, respectively)