Lyophilized Hybrid Nanostructured Lipid Carriers to Enhance the Cellular Uptake of Verapamil: Statistical Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation

Table 5 Addition of trehalose during homogenization (after lyophilization)

Formula code	(Lipid:trehalose) ratio	PS (nm)	PDI	% EE
VER-9	1:1	192.29 ± 2.98	0.553 ± 0.075	94.06 ± 2.55
VER-9	1:2	184 ± 3.84	0.694 ± 0.076	93.26 ± 2.66
VER-11	1:1	195.78 ± 4.58	0.568 ± 0.029	94.25 ± 1.57
VER-11	1:2	211.72 ± 3.13	0.760 ± 0.108	92.17 ± 1.67