Influence of Graphene Oxide on the Ethanol Permeability and Ionic Conductivity of QPVA-Based Membrane in Passive Alkaline Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells

Table 2 Water uptake and swelling ratio

Membranes	KOH uptakes (%)	Swelling ratio (%)		Oxidative stability (Retained weight, %)
Membranes	KOH uptakes (%)	In-plane	Through-plane	Oxidative stability (Retained weight, %)
PVA	105	20	62.41	96
QPVA	136	18	60.75	97
QPVA/GO 5 wt.%	114	15.2	53.13	95
QPVA/GO 10 wt.%	98	12.3	42.54	94
QPVA/GO 15 wt.%	84	8.65	35.48	93
QPVA/GO 20 wt.%	45	7.54	28.5	91