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Fig. 5 | Nanoscale Research Letters

Fig. 5

From: Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars Dynamics and Enhanced Radio-Frequency Elastomechanical Susceptibility in PNIPAm Hydrogel-KF-doped Barium Titanate Nanoparticle Composites

Fig. 5

Specific heat and RF heat factor. a Volume-specific heat capacity (C) for bulk PNIPAm, PVA-PNIPAm hydrogel, KBT hydrogel, and water derived from measured specific heat and volume for each sample. (left) The addition of PVA to the monomer solution in the free-radical polymerization process lowered the specific heat from nearly 4.0 J/(g∙K) in PNIPAm to 0.25 J/(g∙K) in PVA and 0.95 J/(g∙K) in KBT. b The heat factor (Hf). Equation 2 sans Ea with all the measured dielectric and material parameters. 544 kHz is the RF actuation frequency in this work (right)

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