Fig. 6
The radiosensitization effect of HA-Gd2O3 NPs in vitro. a The synergistic effect of HA-Gd2O3 NPs (0 μg/mL, 12.5 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, and 200 μg/mL) and X-ray radiation (0 Gy, 3 Gy, 6 Gy, and 9 Gy) on the viability of HepG2 cells using the CCK-8 assay. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, the difference was statistically significant. b The colonies survival assays of HepG2 cells treated with HA-Gd2O3 NPs and X-ray radiation and c the corresponding quantitative analysis of clonegenesis abilities. d Tumor volume growth curves of different groups of mice after different treatments. Groups: a control, b radiation, c HA-Gd2O3 NPs, and d radiation + HA-Gd2O3 NPs. e Photos of tumors collected from different groups of mice at the end of treatment