Development of Polymeric Micelles of Oleanolic Acid and Evaluation of Their Clinical Efficacy

Table 4 Summary of five parameters from clinical trial to evaluated skin wrinkles—an average roughness (R3) as a primary endpoint, and four parameters including skin roughness (R1), maximum roughness (R2), smoothness depth (R4), and arithmetic average roughness (R5) as the secondary endpoints

Evaluation parameter	Time	Average ± standard deviation (A.U)		Rate of change (%)
Evaluation parameter	Time	Test product	Control product	Test product	Control product
R1	Before use	0.204 ± 0.063	0.178 ± 0.062	-	-
	4 weeks	0.191 ± 0.053	0.187 ± 0.062	− 4.629	8.037
	8 weeks	0.180 ± 0.056	0.180 ± 0.056	− 9.973	4.799
R2	Before use	0.127 ± 0.033	0.118 ± 0.033	-	-
	4 weeks	0.124 ± 0.029	0.125 ± 0.034	− 1.048	7.261
	8 weeks	0.119 ± 0.034	0.126 ± 0.032	− 5.803	9.536
R3	Before use	0.094 ± 0.023	0.087 ± 0.023	-	-
	4 weeks	0.093 ± 0.023	0.091 ± 0.025	− 0.673	5.127
	8 weeks	0.086 ± 0.020	0.095 ± 0.024	− 7.835	9.971
R4	Before use	0.112 ± 0.037	0.096 ± 0.042	-	-
	4 weeks	0.099 ± 0.030	0.101 ± 0.039	− 8.594	10.764
	8 weeks	0.097 ± 0.036	0.094 ± 0.038	− 9.747	3.491
R5	Before use	0.039 ± 0.017	0.031 ± 0.018	-	-
	4 weeks	0.035 ± 0.015	0.033 ± 0.018	− 6.333	17.556
	8 weeks	0.034 ± 0.014	0.032 ± 0.018	− 7.083	8.556

Rate of change (%) = [(value measured after use − value measured before use)/value before use] × 100