Fig. 7
From: Nano-clays as Potential Pseudo-antibodies for COVID-19
Three possible mechanisms of interactions of montmorillonite nano-clay with the SARS-CoV-2 spike S: (1) Electrostatic attraction among positively charged nanoparticle edges and Na/Ca ions with negatively charged virus surfaces. (2) Van der Waals attractions. (3) ZP electrostatic interactions